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Citations

How to cite the sources that you use in your work

Images in APA

Format for Artwork from a Museum or Museum's Website:

Artist, A. (Year of release). Title of artwork [medium]. Name of museum, City, State, Country. URL

Note: Include URL if artwork is found on the museum's website. If the title is unknown, include a description of the work within square brackets.

Lastname, F. (Year of release). [Description of work] [medium]. Name of museum, City, State, Country. URL

Example:

Bierstadt, A. (1888). The last of the buffalo, 1888 [painting]. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC, United States. https://www.nga.gov/collection/art-object-page.124525.html#overview


Format for Photographs:

Photographer, F. (Year of publication). Title of photograph [Photograph]. Source. URL

Note: If there is no title, briefly describe the photograph in square brackets in place of the title.

Example:

Chiba, Y. (2019). Straight voice [Photograph]. World Press Photo. https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2020/39852/1/Yasuyoshi-Chiba-POY

In-Text Citations for APA

Provide the artist's or photographer's last name and date of creation.

  • (Bierstadt, 1888)
  • (Chiba, 2019)

If the creator's name is included in the sentence, add only the date:

  • Bierstadt captured a scene as the population of buffalo began to decline drastically (1888).
  • Chiba's Straight voice is but just one example of protesting during that time period (2019).

Images in MLA

Format for Artwork from a Museum or Museum's Website:

Lastname, First. Title. Creation date, Version, Institution name, Location of institution. Name of website, URL

Notes:

If title is unknown, include a description of the work in its place, not italicized or enclosed in quotation marks.

Add information about medium and/or materials if important to reference.

If the publisher's name is the same as the website's, then omit it.

Examples:

Genzken, Isa. Rose II. 2007, Museum of Modern Art, New York. Sculpture.

Abrahamson, Mark. Cul de sac. 1994. BAM Boise Art Museum, https://boiseartmuseum.pastperfectonline.com/webobject/10BA3563-433D-4358-A070-873537278069. 


Format for Images from the Web:

Lastname, First. Title of image. Year created. Website name, by Author if applicable, Publisher, Year published, URL.

Note: Omit the publisher information if the publisher is the same as the name of the website. 

Example:

Ayene, Mulugeta. Relative Mourns Flight ET 302 Crash Victim. 2019. World Press Photo, 2020,  https://www.worldpressphoto.org/collection/photo/2020/39603/1/Mulugeta-Ayene-POY-nominee


Format for Photographs from a Personal Collection:

Creator if known. Description of photograph. Date created if known. Author's personal collection.

Example:

Mandu, Kat. Photograph of Blooming Yellow Evening Primroses. 4 Sept. 2020. Author's personal collection.

In-Text Citations for MLA

Provide the artist or photographer's last name. If discussing multiple works by the same person, include a shortened title.

  • (Genzken)
  • (Genzken, Rose II)
  • (Ayene, Relative Mourns)

When discussing the work, include the name of the work in the sentence. When making a direct reference to the artist or photographer, include their name in the sentence: 

  • Ayene's Relative Mourns captured raw human emotions during the aftermath of the plane crash.
  •  Rose II showed how intricate details can be expressed in sculptural form.