The Online Writing Lab (OWL) at Purdue has a lot of useful APA information and examples.
Hint: Click on the APA Formatting and Style Guide link
When citing in text, provide at least the author’s last name and the date of publication. If available, provide the page number (or specific location if the source is electronic).
If the author's name is included in the sentence, add the date and page number:
Format for an Article from a print journal:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of Article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), pages.
Example:
Moskowitz, D. S., Ho, M. R., & Turcotte-Tremblay, A. (2007). Contextual influences on interpersonal complementarity. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 33(8), 1051-1063.
Note: The APA 7th Edition recommends including a DOI if available, even for a print source.
Format for an Article from an online journal:
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal, Vol.(Issue), page numbers. DOI
Examples:
Stultz, J. (2006). Integrating exposure therapy and analytic therapy in trauma treatment. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 76, 482–488. doi:10.1037/0002-9432.76.4.482
Note: If a DOI is not available, use a URL.
Van Wee, B., Geurs, K., & Chorus, C. (2013). Information, communication, travel behavior and accessibility. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(3), 1-16. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26202660
In APA style, personal interviews, along with emails, text messages, online chats, direct messages, phone conversations, live speeches, nonarchived social media livestreams (Instagram Live, Twitter Spaces), unrecorded webinars or classroom lectures, memos, letters, nonarchived discussion board posts, etc. are all considered "personal communications".
In-Text Citation Example:
(M. Davis, personal communication, February 10, 2023)
*Because readers can't retrieve these types of personal communications, they are not included in the Reference List/Bibliography at the end of your paper, only within the text of your paper itself.
More information from the APA blog.
Format for a Book in Print:
Author, A. A. (Year of publication). Title of book: Subtitle if needed. Publisher.
Example:
Coontz, S. (2005). Marriage, a history: From obedience to intimacy or how love conquered marriage. Viking.
Format for an eBook:
Author, F. M. (Year). Title of book. Publisher. URL
Lastname, F. M. (Year). Title of book [eBook edition]. Publisher. URL
Examples:
Roush, C. (1999). Inside Home Depot: How one company revolutionized an industry through the relentless pursuit of growth. Jossey-Bass.
Speed, H. (2004). The practice and science of drawing. Seeley, Service & Co. Limited. http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/14264
Rodriguez-Garcia, R., & White, E. M. (2005). Self-assessment in managing for results: Conducting self-assessment for development practitioners. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-6148-1.
Format:
Lastname, A. (Date of Publication). Title of web page. Site name. URL
Example:
Levi, M. (2019, December 16). Keeping families together in times of need. Territory. https://territory-mag.com/articles/keeping-families-together-in-times-of-need/
Format:
Note: If the contents on a web page are designed to change over time, then include a retrieval date in your citation.
Lastname, B. (Date of Publication). Title of web page. Site name. Retrieved Date, from URL
Example:
Agresti, J. D. & McCutcheon, R. (2020, September 2). National debt facts. Just Facts. Retrieved September 8, 2020, from https://www.justfacts.com/nationaldebt.asp
Click the link below for a quick PowerPoint on APA citation format.
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